Akkadian Empire The Worlds First Empire

As far as we know, the worlds first empire was formed in 2350 B.C.E. by Sargon the Great  in Mesopotamia. Sargons empire was called the Akkadian Empire, and it prospered during the historical age known as the Bronze Age. Anthropologist Carla Sinopoli, who provides a useful definition of empire, lists the Akkadian Empire as among those lasting two centuries. Here is Sinopolis definition of empire and imperialism: [A] territorially expansive and incorporative kind of state, involving relationships in which one state exercises control over other sociopolitical entities, and of imperialism as the process of creating and maintaining empires. Here are more interesting facts about the Akkadian Empire. Geographic Span Sargons empire included the Sumerian cities of the Tigris-Euphrates Delta in Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia consists of modern-day Iraq, Kuwait, northeast Syria, and southeast Turkey. After taking control of these, Sargon went through modern-day Syria to the Taurus Mountains near Cyprus. The Akkadian Empire eventually also stretched across modern-day Turkey, Iran, and Lebanon. Sargon is, less plausibly, said to have gone into Egypt, India, and Ethiopia. The Akkadian empire spanned approximately 800 miles. Capital City The capital of Sargons empire was at Agade (Akkad). The citys precise location is not known for certain, but gave its name to the empire, Akkadian. Sargons Rule Before Sargon ruled the Akkadian Empire, Mesopotamia was divided into north and south. The Akkadians, who spoke Akkadian, lived in the north. On the other hand, the Sumerians, who spoke Sumerian, lived in the south. In both regions, city-states existed and warred against each other.   Sargon was initially the ruler of a city-state called Akkad. But he had a vision to unite Mesopotamia under one ruler. In conquering Sumerian cities, the Akkadian Empire led to cultural exchange and many people eventually became bilingual in both Akkadian and Sumerian.   Under Sargons rule, the Akkadian Empire was large and stable enough to introduce public services. The Akkadians developed the first postal system, constructed roads, improved irrigation systems, and advanced arts and the sciences. Successors Sargon established the idea that a rulers son would become his successor, thus keeping power within the family name. For the most part, Akkadian kings ensured their power by installing their sons as city governors and their daughters as high priestesses of major gods.   Thus, when Sargon died his son, Rimush, took over. Rimush had to deal with the rebellions after Sargons death and was able to restore order before his death. After his short rule, Rimush was succeeded by his brother, Manishtusu.   Manishtusu was known for increasing trade, constructing great architectural projects, and introducing land reform policies. He was succeeded by his son, Naram-Sin. Considered a great ruler, the Akkadian Empire reached its peak under Naram-Sin.   The Akkadian Empires final ruler was Shar-Kali-Sharri. He was Naram-Sins son and was unable to maintain order and deal with exterior attacks. Decline and End The invasion of Gutians, barbarians from the Zagros Mountains, at a time when the Akkadian Empire was weak from a period of anarchy due to a power struggle over the throne led to the fall of the empire in 2150 B.C.E. When the Akkadian Empire collapsed, a period of regional decline, famine, and drought followed. This lasted until the Third Dynasty of Ur took power around 2112 B.C.E.   References and Further Readings If youre interested in ancient history and the reign of the Akkadian Empire, here is a shortlist of articles to further inform you about this interesting topic. Sargon Unseated. Saul N. Vitkus. The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 39, No. 3 (Sep., 1976), pp. 114-117.How the Akkadian Empire Was Hung Out to Dry. Ann Gibbons. Science, New Series, Vol. 261, No. 5124 (Aug. 20, 1993), p. 985.In Search of the First Empires. J. N. Postgate. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 293 (Feb., 1994), pp. 1-13.The Archaeology of Empires. Carla M. Sinopoli. Annual Review of Anthropology, Vol. 23 (1994), pp. 159-180.

Twains Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Essay - 2827 Words

Research Paper on Twains Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel about a young boys coming of age in the Missouri of the mid-1800’s. It is the story of Hucks struggle to win freedom for himself and Jim, a Negro slave. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was Mark Twain’s greatest book, and a delighted world named it his masterpiece. To nations knowing it well - Huck riding his raft in every language men could print - it was Americas masterpiece (Allen 259). It is considered one of the greatest novels because it conceals so well Twains opinions within what is seemingly a childs book. Though initially condemned as inappropriate material for young readers, it soon became†¦show more content†¦This method served him best after he had conjured up characters from long ago, who on coming to life wrote the narrative for him, passing from incident to incident with a grace their creator could never achieve in manipulating an artificial plot (Kaplan 16). His best friend of forty years William D. Howells, has this to say about Twains writing. So far as I know, Mr. Clemens is the first writer to use in extended writing the fashion we all use in thinking, and to set down the thing that comes into his mind without fear or favor of the thing that went before or the thing that may be about to follow (Howells 186). The main character, Huckleberry Finn, spends much time in the novel floating down the Mississippi River on a raft with a runaway slave named Jim. Before he does so, however, Huck spends some time in the fictional town of St. Petersburg where a number of people attempt to influence him. Huck^Ã’s feelings grow through the novel. Especially in his feelings toward his friends, family, blacks, and society. Throughout the book, Huck usually looks into his own heart for guidance. Moral intuition is the basis on which his character rests. Before the novel begins, Huck Finn has led a life of absolute freedom. His drunken and often missing father has never paid much attention to him; his mother is dead and so, when the novel begins, Huck is not used to following any rules. In the beginning of the book HuckShow MoreRelatedMark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pages Published in 1885, Mark Twain’s American classic, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, captured the both the hearts and hatred of its audience. While some view it as a masterpiece that successfully blended the American condition in a captivating and interesting manner, others observe it to be nothing more than racist trash. The latter is a shallow misunderstanding of the novel’s purpose and potential enlightening impact on its readers. 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Some reviewers called it flat, trashy, and irreverent. Others called it Twains best work yet, hailing his humor and style throughout the novel. Though obscure at first, reviews began to appear in many newspapers throughout the country as more and more became interested in the novel as a result of these reviews. Huckleberry Finn was publishedRead More Prejudice and Racism in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1062 Words   |  5 PagesPrejudice and Racism in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn    Despite all the criticism, of racism and other questionable material for young readers, Mark Twain’s The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn is a superbly written novel, which in the opinion of this reviewer should not be remove the literary cannon. Twain’s novel is a coming of age story that teaches young people many valuable lessons and to some extend makes students reexamine their own lives and morals. The most common argument

Prioritise the Nursing Responsibilities

Questions: 1.Prioritise the Nursing Responsibilities and associated Rationales related to the Administration of Morphine to Eleanor.2.Describe the Structural and Functional Changes that Occur in the Pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis that led to Eleanors Episodes of Diarrhoea with Blood and Pus.3.Explain the Characteristics of the Intravenous fluid that was ordered for Eleanor, and the rationale, related to Eleanors Specific Fluid Balance status, for the administration of this Intravenous Fluid to Eleanor. Answers: 1.Morphine is one of the opioid pain medicines. Morphine is the member of narcotic drug family. Brokjr et al. (2015) mentioned that nurses mainly provide morphine for giving relief to the patients to severe from moderate pain. During administer of morphine, nurses needs to remind few things as morphine has various side effects. Some particular condition of the service users can alleviate. Therefore, during administration of morphine to Eleanor, the nurse needs to remind the following things: Responsibilities of Nurses Rationale Allergies Narcotic drugs like morphine may develop side effects such as allergy. It can elevate the health issues of Eleanor. Monitoring area of pain and measurement of pain Morphine helps to reduce the pain. Therefore, the nurse needs to measure the severity and apply the dose. Check the administration of drug Morphine can have negative effects on patients health (Butler et al. 2013). Moreover, she needs to share this concern with doctors and ask to change it. Check the necessary parameters of patients such as blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate Morphine can affect the parameters of patient. Patient consent Ethical consideration Proper route In case of drug administration, nurse should be careful about the route that reduces the chance of overdoes and is the safest way. Aware about dosage Eleanor has renal problem (ulcerative colitis). Therefore, overdose can be fetal for her. Nurse needs to be careful. Other medication of the patient MAO inhibition may interact with drug that may have side effects on Eleanor. Site of drug administration To avoid the inflammation of administration site Sedative use The sedative use may interact with drugs, which may have adverse effect 2.Ulcerative colitis is a chronic renal disease. In this case, the inflammation of colon is seen that is the inflammatory bowel disease. Due to the inflammation of colon, the absorption rate of the patient decreases. Ulcerative colitis has various symptoms like bloody stool. The inflammation of colon increases with the progress of the disease. This can influence the bleeding rate. Bloods comes out with mucus with the stool in case of ulcerative colitis. At the time of flare up and the relapse, the blood comes out directly from the rectum. Bressler et al. (2015) mentioned that in case of ulcerative colitis, small laceration of abscesses is made during bowel movement in small intestine. The main reason of the bleeding is abscesses. As the inflammation spread, the area of disease increase and the rate of blood in stool increases. Due to this, the amount of hemoglobin decreases with the raising of erythrocyte sedimentation. In case of Eleanor, the ulcerative colitis has spread to the lar ge intestine. As a result, the rate of blood secretion increases with the inflammation. Inflammation causes the cytokine secretion and the activation of WBC. The increased rate of WBC plays vital role at the site of inflammation and develops the blood secretion. 3.In case of Eleanor, the Hartmans solution is suggested to maintain the fluid balance. This works as the IV fluid so that the fluid status can be balanced. The compound of Hartmans solution is the sodium lactate that works for intravenous infusion BP (Yung, Letton and Keeley 2017). The sodium lactate helps provide the sufficient balance of fluid and salts in the body. The concentration of sodium lactate is similar to the fluid of body that is blood. In case of Eleanor, the solution was provided via vein drip. As Eleanor is losing blood, which is a body fluid, therefore this solution can help Eleanor to restore the body fluid. As per the pathology result, doctor suggested to give 1000 mL dose/6hours. References Bressler, B., Marshall, J.K., Bernstein, C.N., Bitton, A., Jones, J., Leontiadis, G.I., Panaccione, R., Steinhart, A.H., Tse, F., Feagan, B. and Group, T.U.C.C., 2015. Clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of nonhospitalized ulcerative colitis: the Toronto consensus.Gastroenterology,148(5), pp.1035-1058. Brokjr, A., Kreilgaard, M., Olesen, A.E., Simonsson, U.S., Christrup, L.L., Dahan, A. and Drewes, A.M., 2015. Population pharmacokinetics of morphine and morphine-6-glucuronide following rectal administrationA dose escalation study.European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,68, pp.78-86. Butler, S.F., Cassidy, T.A., Chilcoat, H., Black, R.A., Landau, C., Budman, S.H. and Coplan, P.M., 2013. Abuse rates and routes of administration of reformulated extended-release oxycodone: initial findings from a sentinel surveillance sample of individuals assessed for substance abuse treatment.The Journal of Pain,14(4), pp.351-358. Yung, M., Letton, G. and Keeley, S., 2017. Controlled trial of Hartmann's solution versus 0.9% saline for diabetic ketoacidosis.Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health,53(1), pp.12-17.

Pressures to Be Thin Essay Example

Pressures to Be Thin Essay Models represent what clothes should look like on women. With the occupation relying purely on looks, models are under a lot of pressure from agents and designers to have the perfect body image. In western society, this image means that they all have to be thin. It affects not only the models, but also the public who desire to look like them. To achieve this size 0 body image, women often develop eating disorders or turn to drugs. To stop this epidemic, designers need to stop hiring waif looking models and instead hire women who promote a healthier image. Although, it is not just the models who need to change. It is society’s obsession with being thin and people’s constant dissatisfaction with their body images that more importantly needs adjusting. Models define beauty in western society. They dictate what the latest dress or bikini should look like on a woman. The creation behind the occupation of a model is that they are supposed to act like a clothes hanger or a porcelain model in a shop window. Their aim is to show off the clothes, not for the woman to show off herself. Kate Moss proved this definition recently when she modelled as a mannequin in a store window to promote her new clothing line. We will write a custom essay sample on Pressures to Be Thin specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pressures to Be Thin specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pressures to Be Thin specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Moss is one of the highest paid supermodels in the world. Our society sees her as beautiful, sexy, successful and powerful, unlike overweight people who are seen as lazy, useless and unpopular. Having ribs, collarbones, hipbones, shoulder blades and spines showing has now become normal and accepted on catwalks. With models meeting the definition of beauty with these characteristics, our definition needs to change. Beauty should not represent bones or people starving themselves. To achieve our society’s definition of beauty, models often develop eating disorders or turn to drugs to help them stay thin. This activity is not always hidden, with drugs and alcohol often found backstage at fashion shows. Designers and agents do not condemn this behaviour because it results in models staying thin. Janice Dickinson, the first American supermodel and now an agent says, â€Å"models are supposed to be thin. They are not supposed to eat. I’ve got 42 models in my agency and I’m trying to get them to lose weight. In fact, I wish they’d come down with some anorexia. I’m not kidding. I’m running into a bunch of fat-assed, lazy little bitches who on’t know how to do the stairs or get their butts into the gym† (Dickinson, 2007). This statement may shock some, but most in the fashion world actually agree with her. Many designers and agents have the same opinion, which is why the models are still under the continuous pressure to be thin. It is not just the models who develop eating disorders, it is also women who aspire to look like them. When teenage rs see models taking drugs instead of eating, it gives them a solution of how to loose weight. A study by the Office of National Drug Control (2007) explains that 71. % of grade eleven students use drugs occasionally. Some of these students also have eating disorder, with 43% of 16-20 year olds diagnosed (General Eating Disorder Statistics, 2005). Even though students are taught about the affects of drugs and dieting at school, this information is over ridden when they see their favourite models doing it. It makes drugs and diets more common and normal. Our society no longer sees a problem with teenagers dieting, encouraging it to stop obesity. Although for many, depression with not having a models figure can lead to unhealthy diets and eating disorders. Unlike average women, often models have fast metabolisms and start dieting so young, that they skip puberty and do not develop properly. Gemma Ward, who is 19, is an example of this. She has a tiny frame, small bust and a figure of someone in their early teens. For a woman with a naturally large frame and slow metabolism, it is very difficult to achieve the appearance of a model. Extensive dieting is needed, which can often lead to eating disorders when weight loss is not happening fast enough. This leads to the question, is all dieting controlled? A diet is defined by Funk Wagnalls Standard Dictionary as â€Å"a regulated course of eating and drinking† (1976, p. 356). While an eating disorder is defined by them as â€Å"loss of appetite resulting in excessive weight loss† (p. 165). An eating disorder can be regulating how much one is eating, say only one meal a day. In this instance, an eating disorder can be hidden as a diet. A tactic used by not only average women, but also models. Websites encouraging people to loose weight is another tactic used to achieve a models body. These websites are mainly forums or active email discussion ists, where images of thin models are posted as an inspiration to keep on dieting. Disturbing thoughts are emailed on these sites such as â€Å"I was recovering but I really want to be thin again, thanks for the boost all the models out there the feeling you get when you see the weight drop and you see bones is like nothing else on earth† (Roslyakova, 2007). This shows how ea sily girls have become warped by the media, endlessly assaulted by images of women who are unnaturally thin. The fashion world is becoming out of control, putting clones of girls on catwalks and in magazines. A trap is being set for generations to come, who will have endless pressures to be thin. Society’s obsession with weight and being thin is slowly being noticed and needs adjusting. With most fashion models thinner than 98% of American women, (Smolak, 1996) society is looking for someone to blame. Designers and agents are the most obvious suspects. They encourage plastic surgery and dieting in order to make more profits. A report by the British Medical Association says that â€Å"models commonly have body fat levels as low as 10%, the average for a healthy woman is 22% to 26%† (‘Models link to teenage anorexia,’ 2000). Designers and agents ignore these results and do not understand that woman with such low fat levels are risking their lives. In 2006, a Uruguay model fell to her death as she left a runway. It is thought that she had a â€Å"diet of lettuce leaves and Diet Coke† (Nussbaum, 2007). Did the designers notice how unhealthy this girl was when they hired her? All they noticed was how their clothes looked like on her. Models are not to blame for this behaviour, it is the designers who are responsible. They are the ones pressuring these girls to be a certain image. If designers asked for heavier models, the girls would put on weight in order to stay hired. This would then take some of the pressure of models to be so thin and allow them to have a healthy lifestyle, while still having a successful career. The public watch fashion shows and they buy clothes that have appeared in magazines and advertisements. When seeing a waif looking model, they no that their weight is unhealthy. Most people understand that these women must be on diets for their entire careers. They agree with the views from doctors and nutritionists that models should â€Å"present a healthy image with at least n 18% Body Mass Index† (Guerra, 2006) in order to stay on catwalks. Although, people keep on buying the clothes they see modelled, not realising that by doing this, they are actually continuing the profits of designers who use anorexic girls to model their clothes. This means that the public are actually encouraging designers to continue. If people stop buying thes e clothes, the designers will be forced to change their models. Models body images have always been an issue in society. They are seen as too thin and are blamed for the high level of eating disorders among young girls. Pressure is put on them by designers and agents to be size 0 and their lives are threatened because of it. Although at times, the issue is not about the models, designers and agents. It is about societies discomfort when exposed to our obsessions with being thin. Designer’s clothes are sold because of how good they look on models. Models are not the only ones who need to change, it is society’s views of perfection and weight. Healthier models need to be hired to promote healthier body images, not just for young girls, but also for aspiring models.